腹泻
介绍
腹泻对所有年龄段的人来说都是一种非常常见的疾病. A viral infection, such as the stomach flu, or a bacterial infection most frequently causes 腹泻. Less commonly, 腹泻 is associated with an underlying medical condition. 症状 include the passing of frequent stools that are loose, watery, and soft. 腹泻还可能引起腹胀、疼痛、痉挛和胀气.
大多数腹泻病例在家中治疗,几天后就会痊愈. 保持水分是家庭护理的目标. Severe 腹泻 can be associated with serious medical complications and require hospitalization
解剖学
原因
症状
诊断
治疗
Your doctor may prescribe antibiotics to treat some types of bacterial infections. 然而,抗生素对病毒不起作用. 胃病毒通常会在几天内自行消失. 一般, anti-腹泻 medications should not be given for the stomach flu as they only prolong the infection. You should not take over-the-counter 腹泻 medications unless your doctor instructs you to.
其他疾病引起的腹泻的治疗方法各不相同. 生活方式和饮食习惯的改变可能对某些疾病有所帮助. 向你的医生咨询你的具体情况.
如果你有严重的身体状况,包括艾滋病毒, 艾滋病, 糖尿病, 心脏病, 肾脏疾病, 或者肝脏疾病, 一旦开始腹泻,请立即联系医生. 你可能需要及时治疗. 你可能会有腹泻并发症的风险.
预防
If you travel to underdeveloped countries, drink only bottled water and do not use ice. 用受污染的水制成的冰可能含有细菌. 只吃煮熟的食物,包括肉类、蔬菜和贝类. 不吃乳制品. 不要吃没有皮的水果.
我有危险吗?
婴儿, 孩子们, 老年人, and people with suppressed immune systems have the highest risk for getting 腹泻 caused by viruses and bacteria. Your risk is increased if you travel or live in areas with poor sanitation. 如果你吃了或喝了被污染的食物或水,你就有危险.并发症
如果腹泻持续超过几天,请打电话给医生. You should call your doctor if you experience symptoms including faintness, 头晕, 口干, 大便中有血或脓. 更严重的症状包括腹部肿胀或疼痛, 发烧高于101度, 呕吐持续超过48小时, 和脱水. Extreme thirst, 口干, little urine production, and a lack of tears are signs of dehydration. 儿童和婴儿的眼睛可能出现凹陷. An infant’s fontanels, the “soft spots” on the head, may also appear sunken. You should have someone take you to a hospital emergency room if you are sleepy or unaware of your surroundings.
进步
2006年,一种预防婴儿轮状病毒的疫苗获得批准. Vaccines are available for Salmonella typhi, Vibrio cholerae, and rotavirus. Doctors administer the vaccines selectively, based on your foreign travel plans and medical history.版权© - iHealthSpot互动- www.iHealthSpot.com
This information is intended for educational and informational purposes only. It should not be used in place of an individual consultation or examination or replace the advice of your health care professional and should not be relied upon to determine diagnosis or course of treatment.
的iHealthSpot 患者教育图书馆 was written collaboratively by the iHealthSpot editorial team which includes Senior Medical Authors Dr. 玛丽·卡-布兰查德,OTD/OTR/L和瓦莱丽·K. 克拉克和以下编辑顾问:史蒂夫梅多斯,医学博士,厄尼F. 索托,DDS,罗纳德·J. 格雷泽,医学博士,乔纳森·罗森博格,医学博士,克里斯托弗·M. 诺尔特医学博士,大卫·阿普尔鲍姆医学博士,乔纳森·M. Tarrash, MD,和Paula Soto, RN/BSN. 此内容遵循 可信赖的健康信息HONcode标准. The library commenced development on September 1, 2005 with the latest update/addition on 2022年2月16日. 有关iHealthSpot其他服务的信息,包括 医疗网站设计,请访问 www.iHealthSpot.com.