Meniere's Disease
Introduction
Anatomy
迷宫是内耳结构,在听力和平衡中起作用. Part of the labyrinth is filled with a fluid called endolymph. 持续的液体产生和再吸收在任何时候都维持内淋巴的水平. When you move your head, the fluid moves in the labyrinth. 液体的运动触发了一个信号到你的大脑,让你知道你的身体已经改变了位置. This all happens automatically.
Causes
梅尼埃氏病是由于迷宫中液体过多而导致的. The exact reason for the excess fluid is unknown. 过量的液体会拉伸内耳膜并导致它们破裂. Sodium and potassium, fluids that are usually separated by the membranes, mix and cause inaccurate messages to be sent to the brain. 不准确的神经信号导致了梅尼埃氏病的症状.Symptoms
Vertigo can cause you to feel like the room is moving or spinning. 你可能会感到失去平衡,你可能会有困难或无法站立和行走. Hearing may decrease, usually in one ear. You may hear unusual sounds in your ear, such as ringing or buzzing. 你的耳朵可能会感到不舒服,就像耳朵里有压力积聚一样. Nausea, vomiting, and significant sweating may occur.
梅尼埃氏病的症状既令人不安又使人致残. 症状可能会影响您的工作和日常工作. 幸运的是,有一些治疗方法可以帮助控制症状并减少发作次数.
Diagnosis
There is not one specific test to diagnose Meniere’s disease. Some of the more common tests are described below.
可以进行多种类型的听力测试来确定您的听力损失是否与内耳问题有关. 磁共振成像(MRI)扫描可以用来显示你耳朵里的神经和结构.
眼震电图(ENG)用于识别耳朵的神经损伤. 在某些程序中,ENG测试使用受体来测量非自愿的眼球运动, such as caloric testing. 热量测试追踪了当热水或冷水放入耳朵时产生的不自觉的眼球运动.
Treatment
减少盐的摄入量可以减少耳朵里的液体量. 高血压患者通常采用类似于低盐饮食的饮食.
It can be helpful to stop smoking. 吸烟会减少流向内耳神经的血液,这对情况没有帮助. It can be helpful not to consume products that contain caffeine, such as coffee, tea, soda, and chocolate. Caffeine can stimulate the nerves in the inner ear. Regular exercise can be helpful because it increases blood flow.
医生可能会开一些药物来帮助减少内耳中的液体. 处方药可用于治疗眩晕、恶心或呕吐等症状. 如果症状对非手术治疗无效或症状非常严重,手术可能是必要的.
有一些外科手术可以用来减轻梅尼埃氏病的症状. 内淋巴囊减压术(ESD)用于在内耳放置一个阀门以帮助液体排出. ESD is used to decrease vertigo, but it does not improve hearing. 迷路切除术用于切除迷路和负责平衡的神经. Rehabilitation follows the surgery to improve balance. Like ESD, labyrinthectomy does not improve hearing.
前庭神经切除术在大多数情况下可以治愈眩晕. 它包括在负责“断开”内耳的神经上做一个切口. 如果一个人仍然有良好的听力,这种手术是首选的手术. 前庭神经切除术不涉及用于听力的神经,也不会降低听力.
Prevention
Am I at Risk
由于梅尼埃氏病的确切病因尚不清楚,具体的危险因素尚未确定. 梅尼埃病最常发生在人们30多岁或中年早期. Meniere’s disease appears to affect men and women equally. The condition rarely occurs in children or older adults.Copyright © - iHealthSpot Interactive - www.iHealthSpot.com
此信息仅用于教育和信息目的. 它不应该用来代替个人咨询或检查或取代您的卫生保健专业人员的建议,不应该依赖于确定诊断或治疗过程.
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